Привет,
В продължение на пост-а ми от 20.08.2015 за nginx http/2 support, искам да споделя, че днес успешно внедрих http2 (http2 демо от акамаи) в уеб сървъра на root.bg.
Днес ще споделя накратко как се случиха нещата, както и с какви трудности се слбъсках докато правих upgrade-а.
Първо трябваше да обновя версията на nginx-a от 1.8.1 на 1.9.14. Нещата се случиха по следният начин:
Вече всеки сигурно е чул за бъга в openssl наречен “Heartbleed bug” – или пробив в SSL сигурността, която позволява на “хакера” да вижда потребителските имена или паролите в чист текст, които иначе трябва да са криптирани в реално време.
През сайта http://filippo.io/Heartbleed/ може да се провери сигурността на даден сайт, изпозващ SSL сертификат, дали е засегнат от Heartbleed bug.
Ето какво се пише по темата във linux-bg.org :
В реализацията на OpenSSL версии 1.0.1 и 1.0.2-beta, включително 1.0.1f и 1.0.2-beta1, е открит проблем в сигурността който позволява на отдалечен потребител да прочете информация от оперативната памет на порции от 64К. Ако ползвате някоя от засегнатите версии се препоръчва да обновите възможно най-скоро до нова версия.
Проблемът е от повече от две години и е открит наскоро от специалисти по сигурността в Google.
Ето и една интересна таблица от mashable.com, която показва някой от известните уеб сайтове и дали са уязвими от този бъг:
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unclear | Yes | Yes | “We added protections for Facebook’s implementation of OpenSSL before this issue was publicly disclosed. We haven’t detected any signs of suspicious account activity, but we encourage people to … set up a unique password.” | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | “Our security teams worked quickly on a fix and we have no evidence of any accounts being harmed. But because this event impacted many services across the web, we recommend you update your password on Instagram and other sites, particularly if you use the same password on multiple sites.” | |
| No | No | No | “We didn’t use the offending implementation of OpenSSL in www.linkedin.com or www.slideshare.net. As a result, HeartBleed does not present a risk to these web properties.” | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | “We fixed the issue on Pinterest.com, and didn’t find any evidence of mischief. To be extra careful, we e-mailed Pinners who may have been impacted, and encouraged them to change their passwords.” | |
| Tumblr | Yes | Yes | Yes | “We have no evidence of any breach and, like most networks, our team took immediate action to fix the issue.” |
| No | Yes | Unclear | Twitter wrote that OpenSSL “is widely used across the internet and at Twitter. We were able to determine that [our] servers were not affected by this vulnerability. We are continuing to monitor the situation.” While reiterating that they were unaffected, Twitter told Mashable that they did apply a patch. |
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | No | No | No | “iOS and OS X never incorporated the vulnerable software and key web-based services were not affected.” |
| Amazon | No | No | No | “Amazon.com is not affected.” |
| Yes | Yes | Yes* | “We have assessed the SSL vulnerability and applied patches to key Google services.” Search, Gmail, YouTube, Wallet, Play, Apps and App Engine were affected; Google Chrome and Chrome OS were not.*Google said users do not need to change their passwords, but because of the previous vulnerability, better safe than sorry. | |
| Microsoft | No | No | No | Microsoft services were not running OpenSSL, according to LastPass. |
| Yahoo | Yes | Yes | Yes | “As soon as we became aware of the issue, we began working to fix it… and we are working to implement the fix across the rest of our sites right now.” Yahoo Homepage, Yahoo Search, Yahoo Mail, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Sports, Yahoo Food, Yahoo Tech, Flickr and Tumblr were patched. More patches to come, Yahoo says. |
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOL | No | No | No | AOL told Mashable it was not running the vulnerable version of the software. |
| Gmail | Yes | Yes | Yes* | “We have assessed the SSL vulnerability and applied patches to key Google services.”*Google said users do not need to change their passwords, but because of the previous vulnerability, better safe than sorry. |
| Hotmail / Outlook | No | No | No | Microsoft services were not running OpenSSL, according to LastPass. |
| Yahoo Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | “As soon as we became aware of the issue, we began working to fix it… and we are working to implement the fix across the rest of our sites right now.” |
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon | No | No | No | “Amazon.com is not affected.” |
| Amazon Web Services (for website operators) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Most services were unaffected or Amazon was already able to apply mitigations (see advisory note here). Elastic Load Balancing, Amazon EC2, Amazon Linux AMI, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Ubuntu, AWS OpsWorks, AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Amazon CloudFront were patched. |
| eBay | No | No | No | “eBay.com was never vulnerable to this bug because we were never running a vulnerable version of OpenSSL.” |
| Etsy | Yes* | Yes | Yes | Etsy said that only a small part of its infrastructure was vulnerable, and they have patched it. |
| GoDaddy | Yes | Yes | Yes | “We’ve been updating GoDaddy services that use the affected OpenSSL version.” Full Statement |
| Groupon | No | No | No | “Groupon.com does not utilize a version of the OpenSSL library that is susceptible to the Heartbleed bug.” |
| Nordstrom | No | No | No | “Nordstrom websites do not use OpenSSL encryption.” |
| PayPal | No | No | No | “Your PayPal account details were not exposed in the past and remain secure.” Full Statement |
| Target | No | No | No | “[We] launched a comprehensive review of all external facing aspects of Target.com… and do not currently believe that any external-facing aspects of our sites are impacted by the OpenSSL vulnerability.” |
| Walmart | No | No | No | “We do not use that technology so we have not been impacted by this particular breach.” |
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flickr | Yes | Yes | Yes | “As soon as we became aware of the issue, we began working to fix it… and we are working to implement the fix across the rest of our sites right now.” |
| Hulu | No | No | No | No comment provided. |
| Minecraft | Yes | Yes | Yes | “We were forced to temporary suspend all of our services. … The exploit has been fixed. We can not guarantee that your information wasn’t compromised.” More Information |
| Netflix | Yes | Yes | Yes | “Like many companies, we took immediate action to assess the vulnerability and address it. We are not aware of any customer impact. It’s a good practice to change passwords from time to time, now would be a good time to think about doing so. “ |
| SoundCloud | Yes | Yes | Yes | SoundCloud emphasized that there were no indications of any foul play and that the company’s actions were simply precautionary. |
| YouTube | Yes | Yes | Yes* | “We have assessed the SSL vulnerability and applied patches to key Google services.”*Google said users do not need to change their passwords, but because of the previous vulnerability, better safe than sorry. |
All the banks we contacted (see below) said they were unaffected by Heartbleed, but U.S. regulators have warned banks to patch their systems.
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Express | No | No | No | “There was no compromise of any customer data. While we are not requiring customers to take any specific action at this time, it is a good security practice to regularly update Internet passwords.” |
| Bank of America | No | No | No | “A majority of our platforms do NOT use OpenSSL, and the ones that do, we have confirmed no vulnerabilities.” |
| Barclays | No | No | No | No comment provided. |
| Capital One | No | No | No | “Capital One uses a version of encryption that is not vulnerable to Heartbleed.” |
| Chase | No | No | No | “These sites don’t use the encryption software that is vulnerable to the Heartbleed bug.” |
| Citigroup | No | No | No | Citigroup does not use Open SSL in “customer-facing retail banking and credit card sites and mobile apps” |
| E*Trade | No | No | No | E*Trade is still investigating. |
| Fidelity | No | No | No | “We have multiple layers of security in place to protect our customer sites and services.” |
| PNC | No | No | No | “We have tested our online and mobile banking systems and confirmed that they are not vulnerable to the Heartbleed bug.” |
| Schwab | No | No | No | “Efforts to date have not detected this vulnerability on Schwab.com or any of our online channels.” |
| Scottrade | No | No | No | “Scottrade does not use the affected version of OpenSSL on any of our client-facing platforms.” |
| TD Ameritrade | No | No | No | TD Ameritrade “doesn’t use the versions of openSSL that were vulnerable.” |
| TD Bank | No | No | No | “We’re currently taking precautions and steps to protect customer data from this threat and have no reason to believe any customer data has been compromised in the past.” |
| T. Rowe Price | No | No | No | “The T. Rowe Price websites are not vulnerable to the “Heartbleed” SSL bug nor were they vulnerable in the past.” |
| U.S. Bank | No | No | No | “We do not use OpenSSL for customer-facing, Internet banking channels, so U.S. Bank customer data is NOT at risk.” |
| Vanguard | No | No | No | “We are not using, and have not used, the vulnerable version of OpenSSL.” |
| Wells Fargo | No | No | No | No reason provided. |
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1040.com | No | No | No | “We’re not vulnerable to the Heartbleed bug, as we do not use OpenSSL.” |
| FileYour Taxes.com | No | No | No | “We continuously patch our servers to keep them updated. However, the version we use was not affected by the issue, so no action was taken.” |
| H&R Block | No | No | No | “We are reviewing our systems and currently have found no risk to client data from this issue.” |
| Healthcare .gov | No | No | No | “Healthcare.gov consumer accounts are not affected by this vulnerability.” |
| Intuit (TurboTax) | No | No | No | Turbotax wrote that “engineers have verified TurboTax is not affected by Heartbleed.” The company has issued new certificates anyway, and said it’s not “proactively advising” users to change their passwords. |
| IRS | No | No | No | “The IRS continues to accept tax returns as normal … and systems continue operating and are not affected by this bug. We are not aware of any security vulnerabilities related to this situation.” |
| TaxACT | No | No | No | “Customers can update their passwords at any time, although we are not proactively advising them to do so at this time.” |
| USAA | Yes | Yes | Yes | USAA said that it has “already taken measures to help prevent a data breach and implemented a patch earlier this week.” |
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Box | Yes | Yes | Yes | “We’re currently working with our customers to proactively reset passwords and are also reissuing new SSL certificates for added protection.” |
| Dropbox | Yes | Yes | Yes | On Twitter: “We’ve patched all of our user-facing services & will continue to work to make sure your stuff is always safe.” |
| Evernote | No | No | No | “Evernote’s service, Evernote apps, and Evernote websites … all use non-OpenSSL implementations of SSL/TLS to encrypt network communications.” Full Statement |
| GitHub | Yes | Yes | Yes | GitHub said it has patched all its systems, deployed new SSL certificates and revoked old ones. GitHub is asking all users to change password, enable two-factor authentication and “revoke and recreate personal access and application tokens.” |
| IFTTT | Yes | Yes | Yes | IFTTT emailed all its users and logged them out, prompting them to change their password on the site. |
| OKCupid | Yes | Yes | Yes | “We, like most of the Internet, were stunned that such a serious bug has existed for so long and was so widespread.” |
| Spark Networks (JDate, Christian Mingle) | No | No | No | Sites do not use OpenSSL. |
| SpiderOak | Yes | Yes | No | Spideroak said it patched its servers, but the desktop client doesn’t use a vulnerable version of OpenSSL, so “customers do not need to take any special action.” |
| Wikipedia (if you have an account) | Yes | Yes | Yes | “We recommend changing your password as a standard precautionary measure, but we do not currently intend to enforce a password change for all users.” Full Statement |
| WordPress | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | WordPress tweeted that it has taken “immediate steps” and “addressed the Heartbleed OpenSSL exploit,” but it’s unclear if the issue is completely solder. When someone asked Matt Mullenweg, WordPress’ founding developer, when the site’s SSL certificates will be replaced and when users will be able to reset passwords, he simply answered: “soon.” |
| projectmanagernews.com | Yes | Yes | Yes | “You’ll have to simply log back into projectmanagernews.com. We also strongly recommend that you reset your password for projectmanagernews.com.” Full Statement |
| Was it affected? | Is there a patch? | Do you need to change your password? | What did they say? | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1Password | No | No | No | 1Password said in a blog post that its technology “is not built upon SSL/TLS in general, and not upon OpenSSL in particular.” So users don’t need to change their master password. |
| Dashlane | Yes | Yes | No | Dashlane said in a blog post users’ accounts were not impacted and the master password is safe as it is never transmitted. The site does use OpenSSL when syncing data with its servers but Dashlane said it has patched the bug, issued new SSL certificates and revoked previous ones. |
| LastPass | Yes | Yes | No | “Though LastPass employs OpenSSL, we have multiple layers of encryption to protect our users and never have access to those encryption keys.” Users don’t need to change their master passwords because they’re never sent to the server. But passwords for other sites stored in LastPass might need to be changed. |
Reporters who contributed to this story include Samantha Murphy Kelly, Lorenzo Francheschi-Bicchierai, Seth Fiegerman, Adario Strange and Kurt Wagner.
Линк към цялата статия : http://mashable.com/2014/04/09/heartbleed-bug-websites-affected/
Поста е взаймстван от Creating Certificate Authorities and self-signed SSL certificates с идеята да имам в блога си how-to че ми се налага от време на време да ъпдейтвам сертификатите по уеб сървърите.
1. Create a self-signed certificate.
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 4096 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt #Make a version of the server.key which doesn’t need a password: openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure mv server.key server.key.secure mv server.key.insecure server.key
2. Generate your own CA (Certificate Authority).
openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 4096 openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca.key -out ca.crt openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 4096 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01 -out server.crt openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.insecure mv server.key server.key.secure mv server.key.insecure server.key